Russian Empire Essays & Research Papers

The Revolution of 1905 was a wave of mass political and social unrest that spread through vast areas of the Russian Empire. Some of it was directed against the government, while some was undirected. It included worker strikes, peasant unrest, and military mutinies. It led to the establishment of limited constitutional monarchy, the State Duma of the Russian Empire, the multi-party system, and the Russian Constitution of 1906. The Revolution of 1905 was a wave of mass political and social unrest...

The Russian revolution The Russian revolution of 1917 was the result of several major problems of political, social, and economic nature such as the tsar and his ruling, Russia’s humiliation, and the peasant’s voices. One of the several major political problems of the revolution was the tsar and his ruling. The tsar was a horrible leader, one for leaving the tsarina in charge and two just a horrible at being a leader. This caused a problem because when the tsar went to the front lines he left...

 DBQ Essay The Russian Revolution was not merely a culmination of event from 1905-19-17, but was the result of political, economic and social conditions from centuries of corrupt tsarist rule.The Russian Revolution of 1917 involved the collapse of an empire under Tsar Nicholas II and the rise of Marxian socialism under Lenin and his Bolsheviks. It sparked the beginning of a new era in Russia that had effects...

Russian Absolutism From the middle of the sixteenth century to the end of the eighteenth century three rulers stand out, remaining significantly more influential than other rulers of the period of Russian history. During the two hundred and fifty year period Russia witnessed three enlightened rulers, Ivan IV, Peter I, and Catherine II. Yet their enlightened dispositions were merely facades to hide ulterior motives of gaining more absolute power. They primarily sought to increase their power...

By 1917, most Russians had lost faith in the leadership ability of Czar Nicholas II. Government corruption was rampant, the Russian economy remained backward, and Nicholas repeatedly dissolved the Duma, the Russian parliament established after the 1905 revolution, when it opposed his will. However, the immediate cause of the February Revolution--the first phase of the Russian Revolution of 1917--was Russia's disastrous involvement in World War I (1914-18). Militarily, imperial Russia was no...

Russian culture has a long history. “In fact early Russia was not exactly ‘Russia,’ but a collection of cities that gradually coalesced into an empire. In the early part of the ninth century, a Scandanavian people known as the Varangians and their leader Rurik invested in one of these first cities, Novgorod. Rurik’s successor, Oleg extended the power of the city southward and established Kievan Rus, which is now Ukraine” (Ancient). Russians are known to be very proud of their country and...

The Russian Revolution of 1917 was certainly a turning point in Russian history. Many events led to the revolution, which actually consisted of two revolutions, the March Revolution and the November Revolution. By the end of the revolution, it was deemed successful. The Bolsheviks had successfully taken over Petrograd and within a short time controlled Russia. “Power had passed from the moderates to a small band of dedicated extremists with a vision of an entirely changed society.”...

The first idea you need to get your head around is that there were two "revolutions" in 1917. One in March (called the February Revolution) and one in November (called the October Revolution). However, they are collectively known as "the Russian Revolution". The February Revolution started with people rioting over food prices in the capital Petrograd. When the soldiers wouldn't fire on the demonstrators, things got out of hand and it turned into a spontaneous mass uprising. The result of...

In the early nineteenth century, Slavic peoples from multiple empires in eastern and southern Europe began to pursue a movement to protect and organize Slavic culture. In 1848, this movement became more political. It gained a reputation and an attempt was made to unify all Slavic peoples. This movement became known as Pan-Slavism. Pan-Slavism appealed to many Slavs who felt nationalism towards their race. However among the Slavs, there were many different opinions. Some believed that there was a...

The Russian Revolution: The Rise of the Soviet Union Table of contents: 1. Introduction ……………………………………………………………….. P.2-3 2. I - The February Revolution……………………………………………….. P.4 3. II- The October Revolution………………………………………………… P.5-6 4. Important Figures’ backgrounds ……………………………………………P.7-11 5. Animal Farm………………………………………………………………... P.12-13 6. Results? ......................................................................................................... P.14-15 7. Works Cited...

During the19th century, the Russian Tsar, Nicholas II abdicated from his throne due to outgrowing discontent of the Russian masses. Vladimir Lenin and his compatriots become glad about this so called abdication of the Tsar. They have now started their campaigns by gaining the support of the Russian masses. The Provisional Government which is still ruling the state during that time was overthrown by the so called October Revolution. The Soviets used this opportunity to declared themselves as...

Modern history essay-half yearly Explain the reasons for the growth of revolutionary activity in Russia prior to WW1: Prior to world war one, there was a definite increase of revolutionary activity in Russia. A majority of this activity began when Tsar Nicholas the II came into power as autocratic ruler of Russia in 1894. His position as absolute monarch began to enrage the Russian people as they became unhappy with the inequality of the Feudal system. The weak economy of Russia and the...

In 1917, two revolutions swept through Russia, ending centuries of imperial rule and setting in motion political and social changes that would lead to the formation of the Soviet Union. In March, growing civil unrest, coupled with chronic food shortages, erupted into open revolt, forcing the abdication of Nicholas II (1868-1918), the last Russian czar. Just months later, the newly installed provisional government was itself overthrown by the more radical Bolsheviks, led by Vladimir Lenin...

The Bolshevik Revolution The century preceding the Russian Revolutions of 1917 was a time punctuated by periods of social and political unrest intermingled with war. During this time there were several attempts made to overthrow the autocratic government, but each failed for various reasons including indecisiveness, lack of preparation and timing. Those involved in the February Revolution of 1917 succeeded where the previous uprisings had failed. They brought an end to autocratic rule of...

Russia went to war with Japan with the idea of taking parts of China and Korea under their rule. Specifically, the territories were Manchuria and Korea, and the war was formally known as the Russo-Japanese War. The Russians lost the war because of the distance the army had to travel and Japan and more industrialization. The Russian revolution of 1905 could have been avoided if Russian troops did not attack innocent strikers, if the timing for Bloody Sunday was better placed, and if Czar...

“Why were there two revolutions in Russia in 1917? Why did the Provisional Government exist for mere months, yet the Bolsheviks had consolidated their authority in the country by Lenin’s death in 1924?” Between February and October in 1917, two revolutions occurred due to the Governments failing to fulfill the needs of the Russian people. With the Tsar in power during Bloody Sunday that formed riots and Government unrest and also the Russo-Japanese War and World War One that left the Russian...

In the early 1900’s, the Russian Revolution occurred. There were many causes for the revolution, including the government and the things people needed. This revolution affected Russia and led to change. Although some changes were helpful, some of them did not resolve the initial problems that caused the Russian Revolution. Many things caused the Russian Revolution. A few causes were the tactics the Czar, Nicholas II, used to suppress reform. He sought to industrialize the country and build...

Not very long ago when people mentioned ballet, they thought of Russian ballet. In fact ballet came to Russia relatively late. It brought traditions from many other countries, mainly from France and Italy. Actually Tsar Nicholas I was ready to spend great sums of money on the dance companies, so ballet got recognition in the capital at St. Petersburg and in Moscow. The Russian ballet dates back to 1847. It was the year when Marius Petipa, a young French dancer, arrived in St. Petersburg. He...

 FACULTY OF ARTS DEPARTMENT OF HISTORY NAME: TENDAI MUVADI REG NUMBER: R115008B MODE OF ENTRY: CONVENTIONAL LEVEL: 4:2 MODULE CODE: 423 MODULE NAME:WORLD AFFAIRS SINCE 1945 LECTURER: DR V. NYAWO-SHAVA ASSIGNMENT...

October 17, 2010 Chapter 17 (13-24) History Part II/B … Russian Revolution Citation: from "A History of the Modern World" by R.R Palmer 13. Explain Lenin’s view on the “party”? Lenin’s view on the “party”: He demanded strong authority at the top, by which the central committee would determine the doctrine (or “party line”) and control personnel at all levels of the organization. He thought the party would strengthen itself by purges, expelling all but the most fundamental...

Towards the end of the 17th century, Russia began undergoing dramatic, yet selective, internal changes. Peter the Great led the first westernization of Russia in history, permanently changing Russia and providing a model from which westernization attempts elsewhere were based on. Westernization was used by Peter and his successors to promote Russia's expansionist empire without intending to transform Russia into a truly Western society. By the end of the 17th century, Russia had become one of...

Question #1: Analyze the causes and results until the end of 1917, of the first revolution in Russia. Thesis: The first revolution in Russia, in 1917, was largely the consequence of uprisings amongst the Russians in Petrograd in demand for the symbolic “peace, bread, and land”, and the failing grasp of the Czar to quell these movements or afford amends to their causes. The revolution itself was unsuccessful in providing the people a means of establishing a representative and responsible...

“The authority of the Tsarist State was never seriously challenged in the years before 1905.” How valid is this view. ! ! ! In the years before 1905, Russia had been under complete control of the Tsars for more than 300 years. Tsarist Russia was an autocrat, it made a very tough time for the people. The Tsar had supreme power over the country and there were no oppositions that could challenge him. However, not all people were feeling content of how the Tsar ruled over Russia, therefore, this...

The year 1905 was the year of violence, murders, killings, and bloody in Russia. The year 1905 was also the year of the ‘revolution’ to some extent. The Tsar did not only face the ‘revolution’ that took place in Russia, but also the great defeat and shame of the Russo-Japanese War. The three major groups of people in Russia, the liberals, proletariat, and peasants were opposing the tsardom and trying to revolt. However, throughout 1905, the tsardom came out alive and strong enough regardless the...

the Legislative Commission of 1767-8 and the Nakaz. What ideas were put forth? What was the role of Catherine the Great? For whom were these changes discussed and debated? 1) In December 1766, Catherine II called upon the free "estates" (nobles, townspeople, state peasants, Cossacks) and central government offices to select deputies to attend a commission to participate in the preparation of a new code of laws. The purpose of the commission was therefore consultative; it was not intended...

‘The Russian Revolution of 1905 was a result of social and economic modernisation thwarted by a reactionary regime.’ Discuss. The Russian Revolution of 1905, while it ultimately failed to overthrow the Tzarist regime, was said by several people, including Lenin, to be a ‘dress rehearsal’ for the Russian Revolution of 1917. Russia was an autocratic country ruled by an autocratic Tzar, where the Tzar ruled as he wished and was supported by the privileged nobles, who owned land and serfs. The...

The French and Russian Revolutions: Similar? Or Different? Owen Sokoloff Period 4 Ms. Repollet 1/18/11 The French Revolution and the Russian Revolution were the same in many ways, but were also different in just as many ways. A king who believed in absolutism, just as France was before the revolution, led Russia; the kings didn't accurately represent their people, nor were they close to them; the middle class (bourgeoisie, in France, Duma, in Russia) wanted recognition; and in both cases,...

30.1 Revolutions in Russia * Russian Revolution: long time in coming * Oppression of 19th century czarssocial unrest * Revolts: army officers in 1825, peasants, secret groups plotted * 1881 students assassinated Alexander II (reformer) Alexander III Upholds the Autocracy * Autocracy: gov’t with total power * Program of “autocracy, orthodoxy, and nationality”—led to censorship, secret police, exile * Oppression: goal was to create uniform culture *...

The Russian Revolution “The revolution must be a deed beyond all measure, burning all things before it…. If mankind is ever to escape from it’s misery, there is only one method: the destruction of everything in fire and blood…. there is no other way, no other hope” Che Guevara. People revolt for many reasons, such as dramatic changes in standard of living, inequality in society or lack of human rights. The American Revolution was caused by changes in the peoples lives, made by a government...

Russian socialists and their relationship to the war played a key role in setting the stage for revolution in Russia. Lenin, the leader of the radical Bolsheviks, was an outlaw and actually lived in Galicia and Switzerland at the beginning of World War I. He carried on a lively debate with the more moderate wing of the Russian Social Democrats called Mensheviks. The key issue was the relationship of revolution to war. Unlike the other socialist, Lenin actually was in favor of war at this time,...

The difference of opinions voiced by both the commentators, from the late 18th century, has yet to be resolved to this day. A minority of historians hold that his liberal reforms in Russia were mostly for the sake earning the respect of the powers of Western Europe and claim that his despotism outweighs any reforms he made. A greater majority of historians agree that Peter the Great was a despot, but argue that while Peter’s progressive reforms (as will be discussed below) had little effect...

Hypothesis: That the Bolshevik’s Red Army won the civil war in 1920 due to their central and influential ideologies and due to the lack of ideologies and direction of the Whites. Evaluate this claim. Shortly after the October and February revolutions, in 1917, Russia burst almost immediately into Civil War. The two parties concerned were the Bolshevik’s Red Army and the opposing White Army. The Civil War raged from the years 1917 to presently after 1920 with the eventual success of the Red...

History Samantha Fisher 13B February 21, 2012 Mr. Allen Essay on the Russian Revolution The Russo-Japanese War lasted from 1904 to 1905, and arose from both Japan and Russia’s desire for expansion and dominance in Korea and Manchuria. Russia suffered many great defeats in this war, against a nation that was considered inferior and was not one of the Great Powers. This humiliated the people of Russia, and caused them to lose confidence in Tsar Nicholas II, as well as causing great...

The Russia -Japanese war was a key reason into why revolution broke out in 1905 Plehve was reputed to have said that a “short victorious war to avert a revolution” Russia lost several battles producing an amount of 107,000 Russian troops lost. Also the Russian Baltic Fleet, which had sailed half-way round the world to assist their failing army, was completely destroyed by Japanese Ships as it entered the Straits of Tsushima. By this time the Japanese were exhausted and the Russians were...

Introduction: Since revolutions are complex social and political upheavals, historians who write about them are bound to differ on the most basic questions--causes, revolutionary aims, impact on the society, political outcome, and even the time span of the revolution itself. In the case of the Russian Revolution, the starting-point presents no problem: almost everyone takes it to be the "February Revolution" of 1917, which led to the abdication of Nicholas II and the formation of the...

Animal Farm to the Russian Revolution The desire to gain of power is the only mindset to most; it has started since the old times to the modern time we live today. These individuals are willing to destroy the life and success of another in order to obtain this power. In this book Animal Farm by George Orwell. We hear the story of how a farm full of animals turn and attack on their caretaker Mr. Jones. The revolt is lead by a pig named Old Major alongside his two other mates Napoleon a...

List of English words of Russian origin Many languages, including English, contain words most likely borrowed from the Russian language. Not all of the words are truly fluent Russian or Slavic origin. Some of them co-exist in other Slavic languages and it is difficult to decide whether they made English from Russian or, say, from Polish. Some other words are borrowed or constructed from the classical ancient languages, such as Latin or Greek. Still others are themselves borrowed from indigenous...

Muhannah Hossain 3/20/13 Pd. 3 – WH2 The Russian Revolution – 16.3 * Background to Revolution * Russia had no competent military leaders: Czar Nicholas II insisted on taking charge of the armed forces despite his lack of training * Also, Russian industry was unable to produce the weapons needed for the army * Between 1914 and 1916, two million soldiers were killed, and another four to six million wounded or captures. By 1917 the Russians will to fight was gone...

The History of Early Russian Film (1907 To 1977): Seventy Years of Russian Film The History of Russia: 1861 to Present Day Dr. Sola-Corbacho February 19, 2012 The History of Early Russian Film (1907 To 1977): Seventy Years of Russian Film The beginning of the twentieth century was an exiting time for this business that we call show. The film industry had not restricted itself to Hollywood. The film industry had spread its wings round the world at a fantastic rate. This term paper...

History themes, Task 3 Colonial India Russian Revolution/Orange Revolution History themes, Task 3 Abstract The Romans were thought to be the first to realize the benefit of trade with India. They chose to just have a part in the trade market however not attempt to gain control of the country. Eventually the British chose to go into India with the idea of colonization. The Indians were for the colonization at first. They realized the benefits of modern technology that the British could...

“The old order collapsed because it failed to solve economic problem” The Russian Revolution of February 1917 was not directly attributed to the Tsar’s failure to solve economic problems. There were a wide range of causes to the downfall which can’t be directly associated to the failure to solve economic problems. Russia’s industrialisation as a result of the reforms of 1891 proved crucial in the fall of the old order. After Witte’s reforms of the late 1890s the population of Petrograd...

What was the most important cause of the 1905 Revolution? In 1905 there was a revolution in Russia, the people demanded a change in government - as the policies of the one in power denied many of the people a decent standard of living- and they wanted protection of their political and civil rights. Throughout 1905 there was mass-spread rioting, strikes, protest, demonstrations, even uprisings and assassinations – all carried out with the aim to force the Tsar to act. Eventually, afters months...

der Empire ComparisonThe Ottoman Empire and Mughal Empire both being “Gunpowder Empires” faced similar issues. Both empires faced inadequate transportation and communication systems, both faced poor bureaucracies, and competing with rival empires. The first problem was inadequate transportation and communication systems. Although they had the necessary military technology to control their empires, transporting it to where it was needed was another issue. The larger they grew, the more difficult...

Questions and Anwers: Russia 1. What effect did the Decembrist Revolt had upon the character of Czarist rule? The rising of the Decembrist Russia was due to a momentary confusion over the succession. In 1825, Alexander I died suddenly. Alexander's younger brother, Constantine, who was next in line, had no desire to assume the troublesome burden of ruling and unsettled and distrusted empire, so he renounced his right of succession in favour of his brother Nicholas. Nicholas, however, had been...

Rebecca Ducharme Professor Estey World History-HIS 271 A 22 February 2012 Asian Empires of the 19th Century During the rise of European Powers, in the times of the Industrial Revolution, the Asian Empires were quickly falling behind. Each nation in the Asian Empire had a strong and rigid internal focus and due to their refusal to adapt to the changing times each empire was lead to its decline. By the start of the nineteenth century the technological gap was increasingly clear. It was not...

Between 1861 and 1917, Russian society had undergone many changes. It is safe to say that every aspect of that society had been some how modified. These changes led up to the Bolshevik revolution in November of 1917. Given the nature of Russian society, was the Bolshevik revolution unavoidable?

Among the changes Russian society had undergone, one starts off the whole chain of events. This was the emancipation of the serfs, in 1861, by Czar Alexander. The emancipation freed 44 million...

Isabelle Stanley To What Extent Did Russia Undergo Economic and Political Reform 1906­1914? After the 1905 ‘Revolution’ Russia was in desperate need of both political and economic reforms: to maintain its status as an international great power and to prevent future revolutions. There is much debate as to whether the changes made were effective or just an act of superficial appeasement. In my opinion the reforms had too many strings attached to be noteworthy. ...

1905 Russian Revolution At the beginning of the 20th century the Russian industrial employee worked on average an 11 hour day (10 hours on Saturday). Conditions in the factories were extremely harsh and little concern was shown for the workers' health and safety. Attempts by workers to form trade unions were resisted by the factory owners and in 1903, a priest, Father Georgi Gapon, formed the Assembly of Russian Workers. Within a year it had over 9,000 members. 1904 was a particularly bad...

History Revolutions Exam Notes: RUSSIAN REVOLUTION Emily Spiezia UNIT 3 & 4 2012 Emily Spiezia 12Green 2012 Exam Notes LIFE UNDER TSARISM • "The Russian working class is burdened by a double yoke; it is....... robbed by the capitalists and landlords,...

Introduction (less than 1 minute) • Introduction to the audience: • Discussion of your chosen topic (why it important in Russian history) Good afternoon ladies and gentlemen. My name is _________ and I am here to speak to you about the effect the Russo Japanese War had on the 1917 Russian Revolution. The Russo Japanese war was a significant moment in Russia’s history due to the consequences caused by the defeat of the Russian Empire by the Japanese Empire. The events of the Russo...

A Structuralist Perspective of the Russian Revolution of 1905 Theoretic and Methodological Debates from the 20th Century November 11, 2011 “The preconditions for revolutionary victory are forged in the historic school of harsh conflicts and cruel defeats” - Leon Trotsky[1] The conflict between opposing economic and political systems was clearly one of the defining aspects of the second half of the 20th Century. The establishment of the Soviet Union as the...

Causes and Consequences of the 1905 Russian Revolution The Revolution of 1905 was the first time the Tsar had faced opposition from so many groups in Russian society at the same time. A long-term social and economic cause of the 1905 Revolution was the continuing anger of both peasants and landowners to the emancipation of the serfs 1861. Although this piece of legislation had brought an end to serfdom, peasants still remained tied to the village commune (mir) and were angry at...

Russian History (pre 19th century) - NOTES!! Before the 18th century, Russia was considered a part of Europe only by courtesy. Hemmed in by Sweden (on the Baltic Sea) and the Ottoman Empire (on the Black Sea), the country had no warm water ports. Also, there was very little trade with the bordering countries. Aside from the physical separation, Russia was separated by the customs and the cultural differences that it had to the rest of the world. During the 18th century, the Russian...

The changes and continuities of the Russian labor system from the years of 1750 to 1914 were that it changed from a serf based labor system in an attempt at industrialization, but remained the same in terms of its worker repression and that Russia never became a fully industrialized economy due to industrial discontent. The Russian labor system changed in that it went from being serf based to an attempt at an industrial economy. The labor system in Russia went from a serf-based economy and...

Industrialization has been a key factor in the development of nations worldwide. Like every movement, industrialization is followed by both positive and negative effects. The industrialization of Russia was no exception to this theory. In 1861, under the rule of Alexander II, Russia moved into an active period of social and political reform that established the base for industrialization. It wasn't until the 1890's that Russia finally entered the industrial age. This was due, in part, to the...

How significant were the effects of 1905 Revolution on Russian government and society at the time? The 1905 Revolution was significant to Russian government in long run but not in short run. After investigating into the contemporary sources which focus on different people’s opinions towards the Revolution and changes brought about by it, I found that there were general agreements on the following views. Firstly, the 1905 Revolution did brought changes to the practice of Russian government;...

How did the adoption of Orthodox Christianity in the 10th Century A.D. influence the Russian State? Since the adoption of Christianity by Vladimir I in 988 A.D. the church has had a profound influence on the Russian state. The magnitude of this influence has varied throughout history, from its peak during the 15th Century, to lows during the reign of Peter the Great and in Soviet Russia. Since the fall of communism the Church has revived its position in Russian Society and is asserting its...

1. Russian Populism The Populist movement resulted from Alexander II’s Great Reforms. The purpose of the reforms was to take Russia into the future. 2. Lenin’s Imperialism: the Highest State of Capitalism describes the function of financial capital in generating profits from imperial colonialism, as the final stage of capitalist development to ensure greater profits 3. People’s Will (Narodnaia Volia) a newspaper published by the People’s Will...

Assess the extent to which the grievances of the Russian people were addressed by the October Manifesto The grievances amongst the Russian people were addressed to some extent by the passing of the October Manifesto. The laws passed in the October Manifesto were designed to benefit the working class as well as prevent an outbreak of violence and an imminent revolution. Stolypin was appointed as the chairman of ministers for the Duma. Which had been created in the hope to please the working...

Top 10 Greatest Empires In History FREIKORPTRASHER JUNE 22, 2010The definition of an empire is: when a single entity has supreme rule and power over a vast area of territory, which consists of peoples of different ethnicity and nationality. This list is based on the influence, longevity and power of the various empires, and, as you will see, it contains at least one or two entries that may strike some as controversial. My one requirement for this list is that the empire must have been ruled –...

Education is not as prominent in the book as during the Russian Revolution. In the book, education is mentioned when Snowball finds old spelling books, once belonging to Mr. Jones. He begins to teach himself, followed by the other pigs, and finally he helps the other animals to read and write. Some of the not so intelligent animals find this quite taxing, whereas the pigs– being the most intelligent, learn the fastest. Snowball is the most interested in educating the animals, and the well being...

Several historians have similar beliefs as to why the Russians managed to defeat Napoleon. However, different historians place more weight to some reasons than others. In this essay I will present the viewpoints of three different historians, Lefebvre, Thompson, and Connelly, and discuss what they argue are the chief reasons for the defeat of Napoleon. This essay will also present the viewpoints of a Napoleonic foot soldier and compare and contrast the viewpoints of the Napoleonic foot soldier...

Why did the Revolution occur in Russia in 1917? The Russian Revolution of 1917 occurred for a number of different reasons, all of which are strongly tied up with the Romanov family. For one, the people of the Russian Empire felt exploited due to a series of political, social and economic grievances. Also, it was widely thought that the Tsar, Nicholas Romanov II, was unfit to rule his people. Finally, with the onset of World War 1 (WW1) and the crippling impacts that it had on the lower...

It is no accident that the name that is attributed to the heroine in a number of Russian novels of the late eighteenth and nineteenth centuries is named after some derivation of the name Elizabeth. Karamzin is the first to revere this name in his work Poor Liza and it is this work that sets off a chain reaction that causes the occurrence of subsequent characters in Russian literature. This character can particularly be found in works such as Pushkin’s Queen of Spades, Griboyedov’s Woe from Wit,...

S.D. APWH Compare and Contrast Essay on the Mexican and Russian Revolutions In the early 20th century, both Russian and Mexican peoples were both verily dissatisfied with their respective governments. Archaic standards and unjust politics led to unrest and the stirring of the winds of rebellion. With similar political and economic motives, these geographically distanced and different groups of nearly uniform peasantry both stood against their leaders in...

|1855 |Start of reign of Tsar Alexander II. | |1861 |Emancipation of the serfs. | |1874–81 |Growing anti-government terrorist movement and government reaction. | |1881 |Alexander II assassinated by revolutionaries; succeeded...

Why was the march 1917 revolution successful? The army was badly led and poorly equipped. Russia entered the first world war with the largest army in the world, standing at 1,400,000 soldiers; when fully mobilized the Russian army expanded to over 5,000,000 soldiersThe loses Russia suffered in the world war were catastrophic. Between 900,000 and 2,500,000 Russians were killed. The Duma was created by the ruling Tsarist regime in 1905, when the government was desperate to divide opposition...

The Russian Revolution & Animal Farm Animal Farm is a satirical novella by George Orwell, and it can also be understood as a modern fable. The book is about a group of animals who drive away the humans from the farm which they live on, and it is primarily based on the Russian Revolution. Animal Farm is well known as an allegory. Most fables have two levels of meanings. On the surface, the fable is about animals. But on the second level, the animals stand for types of people or ideas. The way...

What exactly is an empire? Macedonia, Rome, Byzantium, Ottoman Turkey, China, Peru, the Soviet Union, the United States, even by its enemies, the European Union have all been described as empires. We talk of “informal” and “economic” empires, of “business” empires, even of the empire of the heart or reason’s empire. “Empire” has become as much a metaphor as the description of a particular kind of society. today the word is generally used as a term of abuse, although one that is also often...

Though it may sound heartless and selfish, the needs and aims of countries usually are the primary factor controlling their foreign relations. During the period of the czars, from 1547 to 1917, Russia’s need for land and modernization shaped its relationships with Western Europe and the Ottoman Empire, causing Russia’s leaders to respect and imitate Western Europe while competing with the European powers to fill the power vacuum of the failing Ottoman Empire. Russia emerged as a significant...

The Basis for Russian Military Thought: From the Late 18th to Early 20th Century The success, or lack thereof, achieved by Russia's military during the 18th and 19th centuries has often been linked to the integration of Western, or European, strategies. Peter the Great, one of Russia's most revered military leaders, based much of his ideology concerning war around the things he learned while visiting other European nations. Russia's need to go abroad to find military strategies is often...

How far did Witte improve and modernize the Russian economy? Before Witte came into power, Russia was in a state of crisis. Due to many factors (including the tsarist system, geography and lack of education and ingenuity) Russia was 500 years behind the western powers. Witte, as finance minister oversaw Russia's transition economy from 1892 to 1903. Witte aimed for greater exports, ambitious industrialization, and large foreign loans. He hoped to modernize Russia and make it competitive with...

Kieya Brewer Mrs. Shusta Accelerated English 9 22 December 2011 Comparing Propaganda Used in Animal Farm to the Russian Revolution’s Propaganda “Propaganda is a narrowly selfish attempt to get people to accept ideas and beliefs, always in the interest of a particular person or group and with little or no advantage to the public (“What is Propaganda… 2). Propaganda is the spreading of ideas, information, or rumor for the purpose of helping or injuring an institution, a cause, or a person....

Long and short-term causes that contributed to the 1917 Revolution By early 1917, the existing order in Russia was on the verge of collapse. The spark to the events that ended tsarist rule was ignited on the streets of Petrograd in March 1917. Driven by shortages of food and fuel, crowds of hungry citizens and striking workers began spontaneous rioting and demonstrations. The Rominov dynasty was to end after 304 years, bought down by the March 1917 revolution. There were many long term causes...

The tsarist regime, also referred to as the Russian political system, involved the repression of civil liberties, intellectual freedom and human rights in general. The regime was against any change in the country and frequently displayed their attitude in violent demonstrations and brutal massacres. The tsarist government faced opposition from many different social classes and occupational groupings, however it wasn't until1917 that it was overthrown. The regime survived until then due to the...

How stable was the Russian state in the period from 1906-1914? Following the Revolution of 1905, the stability of Russia appeared to increase, as policies and changes were made in order to put an end to the unrest of the Russian citizens. Although this was a good idea, the Tsar failed to pursue many of his promises, and so many aspects of Tsarist Russia remained untouched and, displeasingly to a large amount of people, very much as disappointing as before. Some change can be seen...

How successful were Alexander reforms in transforming Russian Society by 1881? 24 marks Alexander came to power in 1855, but before he became Tsar Alexander witnessed the shameful defeat against Britain, France and Turkey in the Crimean War in 1854 This had given him the opportunity to observe some of the problems which Russia faced; Alexander believed that changes had to be made towards modernisation. The population of the Russian Empire was 74...

In the 1450’s-1800, the effects of modernization in Russia and Ottoman Empire included social similarities such as the school system and riots by the lower class, the social differences were social classes names of social groups and different aspects coinciding with reform; the economic similarities included both places having a rail system and both places relying on foreign economic assistance, the differences were the level of reliance on foreign help and the difference in areas of focus: the...

Evaluate the role of individuals in bringing about the changing influence of the Russian Communist Party, 1905-1945. – Jacob Marshall-Grint In the period 1905 to 1945 there was three key individuals that caused significant change in the influence of the Russian Communist Party: Lenin, Stalin and the Tsar. The influence of the party came in two main forms, political and public, which all three leaders changed in different ways. The most important individual in bringing about the change...

The 1905 Russian Revolution was the first of the revolutions that took place in attempt to overthrow Russia's Tsarist (or Imperial Autocracy) regime. The revolution broke out in 1905 because of the public unrest and economic depression caused by the Russo-Japanese war in 1904-5; and because of the "Bloody Sunday" of January 9th, 1905. The significance of the 1905 Revolution was determined by the October Manifesto, which was the Tsar's response to the revolution, and by the Tsarist-opposing...

Essay Question: To what extent do you consider the Emancipation of Serfs 1861 to be a key turning point in the development of Russian government and society till 2000? Many historians argue The Emancipation of the Serfs in 1861, to be a key turning point within Russian history. It drastically altered Russia’s economic, political and social stipulation. One could propose the argument that this event lead to the fall of communism in 1990, further more suggesting the extent to which this event...

The February/March Revolution How far would you agree that the February/March revolution that overthrew the Russian monarchy was a “spontaneous uprising”? Answer this question and develop a deep analysis. The second revolution in Russia at the time of World War One, following the first revolt in 1905, took place in February (March for the rest of Europe) of the year 1917. At the time, the conditions of the nation were strained under almost every aspect. The decision of the Tsar Nicholas II...

Assess the role of Nicholas II in bringing about the downfall of the Romanov Dynasty in March 1917. Undeniably, Nicholas II had an enormous role in bringing about the downfall of the Romanov Dynasty in March 1917. Whilst many historians argue the fall of the Tsarist regime to be the direct response and product of World War I, it is quite evident that it was Nicholas’ inefficient and fatal autocratic ruling which led to the March Revolution of 1917. The effects of Russia’s involvement in...

‘The desire seems to have been to reform and improve existing institutions rather then to destroy them root and branch.’ Though this quote is in reference to the French Revolution of 1789, yet upon hindsight many historians envisage the striking parallels between the revolutionary movements of France in 1789 and that of the Russian Revolution in 1905, and hence historiography for the two revolutions can largely be cross contextual. Thus, although the concessions introduced from 1906 might be...

Was Russia’s poor performance in WW1 the main reason for the fall of the Tsar in the February Revolution of 1917? Russia’s poor performance in the war was an extremely important factor because it led to the Tsar becoming more unpopular. At the beginning of the war, there was a strong sense of patriotisms in Russia due to the excellent war performance. The decline in Russia’s war performance caused morale in the army and country to decrease. The situation of the war was made worse by the fact...

To what extent was the Tsarist system of government modified between 1881-1914? By 1914, not much had really changed since 1881 and the rule of Alexander II. Autocratic rule was still well established. Very little reform had actually happened. The reactionary nature of the rule of Alexander III contrasted significantly with the almost liberal reign of his father, who emancipated the serfs, and stifled reform which led to the downfall of the Tsarist reign. However, occasional concessions were...

Why did the Revolution fail to topple the Tsar in 1905, but succeed in 1917? The Russian Revolution had a decisive impact on the history of the twentieth century. Its implications and influences went on to effect a huge area and last decades. True to the large impact that it had, it was a large event. It spanned years and included many various groups and individuals. When studying the Russian Revolution it is important to note that it came during a time of change in Russia. Over the forty years...

Russia 1450-1750Western civilization changed significantly between 1450 and 1750. While Russia remained an agricultural society, the West became very commercially active and developed a strong manufacturing base. Many of the core areas of the West transformed; governments increased their powers, science became the focus of intellectual life. These changes resulted from overseas expansion. Russia, on the other hand, was heavily concerned with territorial expansion, eventually becoming the chief...

What were the consequences of Catherine the Great's reforms for the Russian gentry? Catherine II (Catherine the Great) ascended the throne in 1762, and therefore Russia also begun a great time in its history in regards to reforms that the empress put into place during her reign. Catherine created reforms- internal and external- such as political, religious, cultural, economic, foreign and governmental that impacted the Russian gentry greatly. These created an immense impact and consequences...

Why did Russia enter World War One? The reason for Russia entering the war was three-fold. One reason was that Russia owed Serbia allegiance, another being the loss of the Russo-Japanese war and the last, and arguably the most important, reason for Russia’s entry is the incompetence of the Czar. The first reason for Russia entering the war was their allegiance to Serbia. Russia owed Serbia allegiance so when Austria declared was, it was Russia’s duty to fight with Serbia. Russia did this...

What problems did Russia have during the reign of Alexander III? Alexander III inherited many problems in 1881 following his father’s death. Alexander III was known to have been extremely conservative and reversed many of the reforms and liberal measures of which his father (Alexander II) had begun before his death. Alexander III returned conservatism in Russia and despite Russia’s attempts of becoming a modern European state by the 1870s Many amongst the educated classes felt that the...

What role did Nicholas II play in his downfall? It can be seen by anybody that Nicholas II indeed played a huge role in his downfall. This downfall portrayed political, social and economical failures. Firstly, Nicholas’ abhorrent autocratic beliefs and his infamous ways of maintaining it contributed to his downfall. Also, the infamous massacre known as “Bloody Sunday” also contributed to his downfall, and finally the decision Nicholas made to fight in the Japanese and First World Wars all led...

There are many reasons that could have been considered to be the cause if for the outbreak of revolution in February 1917. The many effects of the war proved to lead towards the revolution because it demonstrated how hopeless the Tsar and his government were in dealing with all the problems Russia faced. Also the ministers within the government also had a part to play in the events leading up to the revolution as many of them advised the Tsar to resign. The war is an event that is widely...

Why did Tsarism survive the revolution of 1905 but not that of March 1917? There were a lot of different factors in 1917 which were not there in 1905 some of these factors strongly suggest why Tsarism was abolished in 1917 but not the years before. Some of the events that occurred where World War One which had a catastrophic impact on Russia at the time, the lack of Faith in the Tsar as he had lost one war before and was losing another, the lack of faith in reforms such as the October...

I think that Russia was unrecognisable in 1894 compared to what it was in 1881 when it was inherited by Alexander III. Alexander III had changed many things from when he came into power and still remained when he had died in 1894. One thing that had changed in Russia from when Alexander had come into power in 1881 was that there was increased repression regarding politics. The Statue of State Security was introduced which brought government-controlled courts into the country and could now...

 Why did Tsardom collapse in 1917? In February 1917, all were stunned when what started off as a demonstration regarding shortages of food and fuel, escalated into a protest attempting to overthrow Tsar Nicholas II. However, nobody could have predicted what the result would have been, as when Tsar Nicholas II abdicated, there was nobody to assume the position of Tsar, and so 300 years of Romanov rule came to an end. Although it came as a surprise, the failure of the tsarist regime happened...